The Hyksos in Pharaonic Egypt (1630-1530 BCE)
vs
The State of Israel in Palestine (1917-2025)
Fragments of Comparative History
Introduction
Political, economic, and state formations, in short, every human creation has a history situated in time and space…. The hindsight and comparative analysis of ancient and current political formations can reveal surprising parallelisms. Let us take the cases of the Kingdom of the Hyksos (1630-1530 BCE – Before the Common Era) in Pharaonic Egypt and the State of Israel (1917-2024).
The Hyksos Kingdom (1630-1530 BCE)
There are multiple scholarly versions – historical, archaeological, oral traditions – on the history of the Hyksos, their settlement in the eastern flank of the Nile Delta where they founded the Kingdom of Avaris of the XVth Dynasty. This is a population of West Asian origin – Canaanite – initially nomadic shepherds who would have gradually infiltrated the Nile Delta during the « Second Intermediate Period » marking the weakening of the Pharaonic administration of Egypt, and managed to take power and create an independent kingdom. In another version, the kings of the XVth dynasty of Canaanite origin invaded and then occupied the eastern flank of the Nile Delta, reigning from their capital Avaris – excavated today by an Austrian team – for 108 years… The delta was reconquered by Pharaoh Ahmose I (1540-1525 BCE) of the XVIIIth dynasty towards the end of his reign and the Hyksos elites expelled from Egypt…
There are therefore 2 versions, not necessarily incompatible, of the formation of the Hyksos Kingdom: a version based on infiltration, progressive increase of the foreign population, transformation of nomadic shepherds into sedentary farmers, then seizure of power, on the one hand, and a version of military conquest with seizure of power and domination of the local population.
The biblical version presented in the Book of Genesis (verse 37, then 39-50), resulting from the transcription of Hebrew oral traditions, is in terms of a process set in motion compatible with the version of infiltration, presented above… Without going into details, Joseph, one of the 12 sons of Jacob and the favorite of his parents is sold as a slave to Bedouins passing by his jealous brothers. He explains the disappearance of the latter by pretending that he was killed by wild beasts. Joseph had premonitory dream abilities… He came out of prison to explain to the Pharaoh the meaning of his strange dreams… “7 Years of Fat Cows and & Years of Lean Cows”. Pharaoh appoints Joseph “Vizier = Prime Minister” and charges him with preparing the nation for the “Lean Years”……All is well, Joseph brings all his people to Egypt where they live for 4 centuries…. The episode of the expulsion of the Hyksos – Canaanites – is narrated in the book of Exodus…
Every colonization enterprise has an end…. After 108 years according to historical chronology, or 4 centuries according to Biblical chronology, Pharaonic Egypt has recovered all of its territory..
The State of Israel in Palestine (1917-2024)
Theodore Herzl, journalist and lawyer [Lawyer] (1860-1904), is a political activist and founder of the Zionist organization. He devoted his life to promoting Jewish immigration to Palestine in order to create a Jewish state there. To this end, he published his Zionist Manifesto “Der Judenstadt” – The Jewish State – in 1896 and established contacts with European leaders, particularly the British, to promote his project. He is the only person explicitly mentioned in the Declaration of Independence of the State of Israel as “author of the vision of the State of Israel proclaimed in 1948, in the wake of a systematically programmed ethnic cleansing – Al Nakba –
Chaim A. Weizmann (1874-1952) president of the Zionist Organization and First President of the State of Israel (1949-1952) succeeded in obtaining the Balfour Declaration of November 2, 1917 in which the British government through the voice of Lord Arthur James Balfour – Prime Minister from 1902 to 1905, then Secretary of the Foreign Office – Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1917 – recognized the right of Jews to found a national home in Palestine. The British will then use the Mandate for the administration of Palestine and Trans-jordan granted by the League of Nations (SDN) to facilitate the settlement in Palestine of European Jews, victims of pogroms, a movement accelerated and amplified by the Nazi Genocide of European Jews.
The process of creation the State of Israel follows a trajectory homologous to that of the Hyksos Kingdom….A foreign population inserts itself into an already inhabited space, gradually seizes it by different means, Herzl, Weizmann and Blafour playing roles equivalent to those of “Joseph” from the biblical book of Genesis…
Conclusion
In conclusion, the ambition of the Israeli Far Right to empty Palestine of the Palestinians, starting under the Ben Gurion administration and continuing today with Mr. Benjamin Netanyahu is only the logical continuation of the Zionist messianic project…. In doing so, like the Hyksos, does Israel not risk being “vomited” or ejected from the Middle East????? 74 years of the history of a nation is like the beating of a butterfly’s wings…. A lot of suffering in fact for an entity doomed to transform itself always and always….
Irony of a fixist and teleological conception… of history, we cling to transitory mirages…. Millenarianism and ethnic-political Puritanism are the true foundations of all hegemonic enterprises…….
Whatever the case, we are allowed to dream of a more human world…. The Struggle for Humanity is a permanent fight…
The Struggle goes on!!!!!!!!!!!!!!